Cleopatra – or Cleopatra VII Philopator, to give her full title – was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
She was an individual from the Ptolemaic tradition, a group of Greek birthplace that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's passing amid the Hellenistic period.
All through their line, the Ptolemies communicated in Greek, and declined to speak Egyptian – which is the reason that Greek and Egyptian dialects were utilized on official court archives of the time.
Cleopatra learned to speak Egyptian, and spoke to herself as the rebirth of the Egyptian goddess, Isis.
A Legendary Beauty
Cleopatra was viewed as an awesome wonder – even in the old world. Regardless of whether this was valid in the "customary" sense, is interested in face off regarding.
In his "Life of Antony", Plutarch comments "her excellence, as we are told, was in itself neither out and out exceptional, nor, for example, to strike the individuals who saw her." Rather, what at last made Cleopatra appealing were her mind, appeal and "sweetness in the tones of her voice."
Cassius Dio likewise talked about Cleopatra's appeal: "For she was a lady of outperforming magnificence, and around then, when she was in the prime of her childhood, she was most striking; she additionally had a most enchanting voice and learning of how to make herself pleasant to everybody. Being splendid to look upon and to tune in to, with the ability to enslave everybody, even an adoration satiated man officially past his prime, she felt that it would be with regards to her part to meet Caesar, and she rested in her magnificence every one of her cases to the honored position."
Her inheritance makes due in various show-stoppers and numerous sensations of her story in writing and other media, including William Shakespeare's disaster Antony and Cleopatra, Jules Massenet's musical drama Cléopâtre and the 1963 film Cleopatra (which featured Elizabeth Taylor).
In the greater part of these, Cleopatra is depicted as an extraordinary delight, and her progressive victories of the world's most capable men are taken as verification of her stylish and sexual interest.
A Colorful Life
The character of Cleopatra's mom is obscure, yet she is by and large accepted to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt, the sister or cousin (and spouse) of Ptolemy XII – or perhaps another Ptolemaic relative who was the little girl of Ptolemy X and Cleopatra Berenice III Philopator.
Cleopatra's dad Auletes was an immediate relative of Alexander the Great's general, Ptolemy I Soter, child of Arsinoe and Lagus, both of Macedon.
Ptolemy XII's rule was one of the most exceedingly terrible of the Ptolemaic tradition.
Centralization of energy and defilement prompted uprisings in, and the misfortunes of, Cyprus and Cyrenaica.
At the point when Ptolemy went to Rome with the youthful Cleopatra, her mom Cleopatra V Tryphaena grabbed the crown – however kicked the bucket without further ado thereafter in suspicious conditions.
It is accepted (however not demonstrated by recorded sources) that Berenice IV harmed her, so she could expect sole rulership.
Berenice ruled until Ptolemy Auletes returned in 55 BC, with Roman help, catching Alexandria, supported by the Roman general Aulus Gabinius.
Berenice was detained and executed in the blink of an eye subsequently, her head professedly being sent to the regal court on the announcement of her dad, the ruler.
Cleopatra was, at age 14, put as joint official and appointee of her dad – however her energy was probably going to have been extremely restricted.
An Eventful Reign
Cleopatra initially controlled mutually with her dad, Ptolemy XII Auletes, and later with her siblings, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she wedded according to Egyptian custom.
Ptolemy XII kicked the bucket in March 51 BC, making the 18-year-old Cleopatra and her sibling (the 10-year-old Ptolemy XIII) joint rulers. The initial three years of their rule were troublesome, because of monetary challenges, starvation, lacking surges of the Nile, and political clashes.
In spite of the fact that Cleopatra was hitched to her more youthful sibling, she rapidly made it clear that she had no aim of imparting energy to him.
In August 51 BC, relations amongst Cleopatra and Ptolemy totally separated. Cleopatra dropped Ptolemy's name from official reports, and her face seemed alone on coins – which conflicted with the Ptolemaic custom of female rulers being subordinate to male co-rulers.
In 50 BC Cleopatra came into a genuine clash with the Gabiniani, intense Roman troops of Aulus Gabinius, who had abandoned them in Egypt to ensure Ptolemy XII after his rebuilding to the honored position in 55 BC.
The Gabiniani had murdered the children of the Roman legislative leader of Syria, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, when they provided to request the with some timely help of the Gabiniani for their dad against the Parthians. Cleopatra gave the killers over in chains to Bibulus – whereupon the Gabiniani transformed into biting adversaries of the ruler. This contention was one of the fundamental explanations behind Cleopatra's tumble from control in a matter of seconds subsequently.
The sole rule of Cleopatra was at long last finished by a plot of squires, driven by the eunuch Pothinus, regarding a half-Greek general, Achillas, and Theodotus of Chios.
Around 48 BC, Cleopatra's more youthful sibling Ptolemy XIII ended up plainly sole ruler.
Cleopatra attempted to raise a resistance, yet was soon compelled to escape with her exclusive outstanding sister, Arsinoë.
A Complex Web
While Cleopatra was estranged abroad, the general Pompey ended up plainly entangled in the Roman common war.
After his annihilation at the Battle of Pharsalus, in the fall of 48 BC, Pompey fled from the powers of Caesar to Alexandria, looking for haven.
Ptolemy – just thirteen years of age around then – had set up a position of royalty for himself on the harbor. From here, he looked as, on September 28, 48 BC, Pompey was killed by one of his previous officers, now in Ptolemaic administration.
Pompey was decapitated before his significant other and kids – who were on the ship from which he had recently landed. Ptolemy is thought to have requested the demise to charm himself with Julius Caesar, subsequently turning into a partner of Rome, to which Egypt was under water at the time.
In any case, when Caesar touched base in Egypt two days after the fact, and Ptolemy gave him Pompey's separated head, Caesar was irritated.
In spite of the fact that he was Caesar's political foe, Pompey was a Roman emissary and the widower of Caesar's just real girl, Julia (who kicked the bucket in labor with Pompey's child).
Caesar grabbed the Egyptian capital and forced himself as referee between the opponent cases of Ptolemy and Cleopatra.
A Political Seduction
Anxious to exploit Julius Caesar's outrage toward Ptolemy, Cleopatra had herself carried covertly into the royal residence to meet with him.
Plutarch in his "Life of Julius Caesar" gives a distinctive portrayal of how she entered past Ptolemy's gatekeepers moved up in a cover that Apollodorus the Sicilian was conveying.
Cleopatra turned into Caesar's escort, and in 47 BC – nine months after their initially meeting – Cleopatra brought forth their child, Ptolemy Caesar, nicknamed Caesarion, which signifies "little Caesar."
Now, Caesar deserted his intends to attach Egypt, backing Cleopatra's claim to the royal position.
After Mithridates raised the attack of Alexandria, Caesar crushed Ptolemy's armed force at the Battle of the Nile; Ptolemy XIII suffocated there.
Caesar reestablished Cleopatra to her position of royalty, with another more youthful sibling (Ptolemy XIV) as her new co-ruler.
Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIV, and Caesarion went to Rome in the mid year of 46 BC. The Egyptian ruler lived in one of Caesar's nation houses.
The connection amongst Cleopatra and Caesar was evident to the Roman individuals – and was an embarrassment in light of the fact that the Roman tyrant was at that point hitched to Calpurnia Pisonis.
Be that as it may, Caesar raised a brilliant statue of Cleopatra spoken to as Isis in the sanctuary of Venus Genetrix (the legendary female precursor of Caesar's family), which was arranged at the Forum Julium.
Cleopatra and her company were in Rome when Caesar was killed on 15 March 44 BC.
A Historic Romance
After Caesar's death, Cleopatra aligned herself with Mark Antony contrary to Caesar's lawful beneficiary, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as Augustus).
To shield herself and Caesarion, she had Antony arrange the passing of her sister Arsinoe, who was inhabiting the sanctuary of Artemis in Ephesus, which was under Roman control. The execution was completed in 41 BC on the means of the sanctuary, and this infringement of sanctuary asylum scandalized Rome.
With Antony, Cleopatra bore the twins Cleopatra Selene II and Alexander Helios, and another child, Ptolemy Philadelphus (Her unions with her siblings had created no kids).
Relations amongst Antony and Octavian – deteriorating for quite a while – at long last separated in 33 BC.
Octavian persuaded the Senate to collect war against Egypt.
In 31 BC, Antony's strengths confronted the Romans in a maritime activity off the bank of Actium. Cleopatra was available with her very own armada.
As indicated by Plutarch, Cleopatra took off with her boats at the stature of the fight, and Antony took after her.
Following the Battle of Actium, Octavian attacked Egypt. As he moved toward Alexandria, Antony's armed forces left to Octavian on August 1, 30 BC.
In the wake of losing the Battle of Actium, Antony submitted suicide.
Plutarch lets us know of the demise of Antony.
At the point when his armed forces forsook him and joined with Octavian, he shouted out that Cleopatra had double-crossed him. She, dreading his rage, secured herself her landmark with just her two handmaidens, and sent detachments to reveal to Antony that she was dead. Trusting them, Antony cut himself in the stomach with his sword, and lay on his love seat to bite the dust.
Rather, the blood stream ceased, and he asked all to complete him off.
A flag-bearer originated from Cleopatra with directions to convey him to her, and he (celebrating that Cleopatra was as yet alive) assented.
Cleopatra would not open the entryway, but rather hurled ropes out of a window. After Antony was safely trussed up, she and her handmaidens pulled him up into the landmark.
In the wake of dragging Antony in through the window, they laid him on a sofa. Cleopatra removed her garments and secured him with them. She raved and cried, beat her bosoms and occupied with self-mutilation. Antony advised her to quiet down, requested a glass of wine, and kicked the bucket after completing it.
An Ambiguous Death
Antiquated sources (especially the Roman ones) are when all is said in done assention that Cleopatra murdered herself by instigating an Egyptian cobra to nibble her.
The most established source is Strabo, who was alive at the season of the occasion, and may even have been in Alexandria. He says that there are two stories: that she connected a dangerous salve, or that she was chomped by an asp on her bosom.
A few Roman artists, composing inside ten years of the occasion, all specify nibbles by two asps, as does Florus, a history specialist, about 150 years after the fact. Velleius, sixty years after the occasion, likewise alludes to an asp.
Plutarch – expounding on 130 years after the occasion – reports that Octavian prevailing with regards to catching Cleopatra in her tomb after the demise of Antony. He requested his freedman Epaphroditus to protect her (to keep her from submitting suicide), since he supposedly needed to show her in his triumph.
In any case, Cleopatra could beguile Epaphroditus and slaughter herself, in any case.
Plutarch expresses that she was discovered dead, her handmaiden Iras kicking the bucket at her feet, and another handmaiden, Charmion, changing her crown before she herself fell. He at that point goes ahead to express that an asp was covered in a bushel of figs that was conveyed to her by a rural, and – discovering it subsequent to eating a couple of figs – she held out her arm for it to nibble.
Different stories express that it was covered up in a vase, and that she jabbed it with a shaft until the point that it got sufficiently furious to chomp her on the arm.
Suetonius, expounding on an indistinguishable time from Plutarch, likewise says Cleopatra kicked the bucket from an asp nibble.
Different creators have scrutinized these authentic records, nonetheless, expressing that it is conceivable that Augustus had her murdered.
In 2010, the German student of history Christoph Schaefer tested all different hypotheses, proclaiming that the ruler had really been harmed, and kicked the bucket from drinking a blend of toxic substances.
In the wake of concentrate verifiable messages and counseling with toxicologists, the history specialist inferred that the asp couldn't have caused a moderate and agony free passing, since asp (Egyptian cobra) venom deadens parts of the body, beginning with the eyes, before causing demise.
Schaefer and his toxicologist Dietrich Mebs chose Cleopatra utilized a blend of hemlock, wolfsbane and opium.
Cleopatra's internment put remains a puzzle.
The site of the sepulcher is indeterminate, however the Egyptian Antiquities Service trusts it is in or close to the sanctuary of Taposiris Magna, southwest of Alexandria.
A Fading Royal Line
Cleopatra's child by Caesar (Caesarion) was declared pharaoh by the Egyptians, after Alexandria tumbled to Octavian.
Caesarion was caught and executed – his destiny allegedly fixed when one of Octavian's counsels reworded Homer: "It is awful to have an excessive number of Caesars."
This finished not only the Hellenistic line of Egyptian pharaohs, but rather the line of every Egyptian pharaoh.
The three offspring of Cleopatra and Antony were saved and reclaimed to Rome where they were dealt with by Antony's better half, Octavia Minor. The little girl, Cleopatra Selene, was hitched through game plans of Octavian to Juba II of Mauretania.
It's the finish of the line for this one, as well.
She was an individual from the Ptolemaic tradition, a group of Greek birthplace that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's passing amid the Hellenistic period.
All through their line, the Ptolemies communicated in Greek, and declined to speak Egyptian – which is the reason that Greek and Egyptian dialects were utilized on official court archives of the time.
Cleopatra learned to speak Egyptian, and spoke to herself as the rebirth of the Egyptian goddess, Isis.
A Legendary Beauty
Cleopatra was viewed as an awesome wonder – even in the old world. Regardless of whether this was valid in the "customary" sense, is interested in face off regarding.
In his "Life of Antony", Plutarch comments "her excellence, as we are told, was in itself neither out and out exceptional, nor, for example, to strike the individuals who saw her." Rather, what at last made Cleopatra appealing were her mind, appeal and "sweetness in the tones of her voice."
Cassius Dio likewise talked about Cleopatra's appeal: "For she was a lady of outperforming magnificence, and around then, when she was in the prime of her childhood, she was most striking; she additionally had a most enchanting voice and learning of how to make herself pleasant to everybody. Being splendid to look upon and to tune in to, with the ability to enslave everybody, even an adoration satiated man officially past his prime, she felt that it would be with regards to her part to meet Caesar, and she rested in her magnificence every one of her cases to the honored position."
Her inheritance makes due in various show-stoppers and numerous sensations of her story in writing and other media, including William Shakespeare's disaster Antony and Cleopatra, Jules Massenet's musical drama Cléopâtre and the 1963 film Cleopatra (which featured Elizabeth Taylor).
In the greater part of these, Cleopatra is depicted as an extraordinary delight, and her progressive victories of the world's most capable men are taken as verification of her stylish and sexual interest.
A Colorful Life
The character of Cleopatra's mom is obscure, yet she is by and large accepted to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena of Egypt, the sister or cousin (and spouse) of Ptolemy XII – or perhaps another Ptolemaic relative who was the little girl of Ptolemy X and Cleopatra Berenice III Philopator.
Cleopatra's dad Auletes was an immediate relative of Alexander the Great's general, Ptolemy I Soter, child of Arsinoe and Lagus, both of Macedon.
Ptolemy XII's rule was one of the most exceedingly terrible of the Ptolemaic tradition.
Centralization of energy and defilement prompted uprisings in, and the misfortunes of, Cyprus and Cyrenaica.
At the point when Ptolemy went to Rome with the youthful Cleopatra, her mom Cleopatra V Tryphaena grabbed the crown – however kicked the bucket without further ado thereafter in suspicious conditions.
It is accepted (however not demonstrated by recorded sources) that Berenice IV harmed her, so she could expect sole rulership.
Berenice ruled until Ptolemy Auletes returned in 55 BC, with Roman help, catching Alexandria, supported by the Roman general Aulus Gabinius.
Berenice was detained and executed in the blink of an eye subsequently, her head professedly being sent to the regal court on the announcement of her dad, the ruler.
Cleopatra was, at age 14, put as joint official and appointee of her dad – however her energy was probably going to have been extremely restricted.
An Eventful Reign
Cleopatra initially controlled mutually with her dad, Ptolemy XII Auletes, and later with her siblings, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she wedded according to Egyptian custom.
Ptolemy XII kicked the bucket in March 51 BC, making the 18-year-old Cleopatra and her sibling (the 10-year-old Ptolemy XIII) joint rulers. The initial three years of their rule were troublesome, because of monetary challenges, starvation, lacking surges of the Nile, and political clashes.
In spite of the fact that Cleopatra was hitched to her more youthful sibling, she rapidly made it clear that she had no aim of imparting energy to him.
In August 51 BC, relations amongst Cleopatra and Ptolemy totally separated. Cleopatra dropped Ptolemy's name from official reports, and her face seemed alone on coins – which conflicted with the Ptolemaic custom of female rulers being subordinate to male co-rulers.
In 50 BC Cleopatra came into a genuine clash with the Gabiniani, intense Roman troops of Aulus Gabinius, who had abandoned them in Egypt to ensure Ptolemy XII after his rebuilding to the honored position in 55 BC.
The Gabiniani had murdered the children of the Roman legislative leader of Syria, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, when they provided to request the with some timely help of the Gabiniani for their dad against the Parthians. Cleopatra gave the killers over in chains to Bibulus – whereupon the Gabiniani transformed into biting adversaries of the ruler. This contention was one of the fundamental explanations behind Cleopatra's tumble from control in a matter of seconds subsequently.
The sole rule of Cleopatra was at long last finished by a plot of squires, driven by the eunuch Pothinus, regarding a half-Greek general, Achillas, and Theodotus of Chios.
Around 48 BC, Cleopatra's more youthful sibling Ptolemy XIII ended up plainly sole ruler.
Cleopatra attempted to raise a resistance, yet was soon compelled to escape with her exclusive outstanding sister, Arsinoë.
A Complex Web
While Cleopatra was estranged abroad, the general Pompey ended up plainly entangled in the Roman common war.
After his annihilation at the Battle of Pharsalus, in the fall of 48 BC, Pompey fled from the powers of Caesar to Alexandria, looking for haven.
Ptolemy – just thirteen years of age around then – had set up a position of royalty for himself on the harbor. From here, he looked as, on September 28, 48 BC, Pompey was killed by one of his previous officers, now in Ptolemaic administration.
Pompey was decapitated before his significant other and kids – who were on the ship from which he had recently landed. Ptolemy is thought to have requested the demise to charm himself with Julius Caesar, subsequently turning into a partner of Rome, to which Egypt was under water at the time.
In any case, when Caesar touched base in Egypt two days after the fact, and Ptolemy gave him Pompey's separated head, Caesar was irritated.
In spite of the fact that he was Caesar's political foe, Pompey was a Roman emissary and the widower of Caesar's just real girl, Julia (who kicked the bucket in labor with Pompey's child).
Caesar grabbed the Egyptian capital and forced himself as referee between the opponent cases of Ptolemy and Cleopatra.
A Political Seduction
Anxious to exploit Julius Caesar's outrage toward Ptolemy, Cleopatra had herself carried covertly into the royal residence to meet with him.
Plutarch in his "Life of Julius Caesar" gives a distinctive portrayal of how she entered past Ptolemy's gatekeepers moved up in a cover that Apollodorus the Sicilian was conveying.
Cleopatra turned into Caesar's escort, and in 47 BC – nine months after their initially meeting – Cleopatra brought forth their child, Ptolemy Caesar, nicknamed Caesarion, which signifies "little Caesar."
Now, Caesar deserted his intends to attach Egypt, backing Cleopatra's claim to the royal position.
After Mithridates raised the attack of Alexandria, Caesar crushed Ptolemy's armed force at the Battle of the Nile; Ptolemy XIII suffocated there.
Caesar reestablished Cleopatra to her position of royalty, with another more youthful sibling (Ptolemy XIV) as her new co-ruler.
Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIV, and Caesarion went to Rome in the mid year of 46 BC. The Egyptian ruler lived in one of Caesar's nation houses.
The connection amongst Cleopatra and Caesar was evident to the Roman individuals – and was an embarrassment in light of the fact that the Roman tyrant was at that point hitched to Calpurnia Pisonis.
Be that as it may, Caesar raised a brilliant statue of Cleopatra spoken to as Isis in the sanctuary of Venus Genetrix (the legendary female precursor of Caesar's family), which was arranged at the Forum Julium.
Cleopatra and her company were in Rome when Caesar was killed on 15 March 44 BC.
A Historic Romance
After Caesar's death, Cleopatra aligned herself with Mark Antony contrary to Caesar's lawful beneficiary, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as Augustus).
To shield herself and Caesarion, she had Antony arrange the passing of her sister Arsinoe, who was inhabiting the sanctuary of Artemis in Ephesus, which was under Roman control. The execution was completed in 41 BC on the means of the sanctuary, and this infringement of sanctuary asylum scandalized Rome.
With Antony, Cleopatra bore the twins Cleopatra Selene II and Alexander Helios, and another child, Ptolemy Philadelphus (Her unions with her siblings had created no kids).
Relations amongst Antony and Octavian – deteriorating for quite a while – at long last separated in 33 BC.
Octavian persuaded the Senate to collect war against Egypt.
In 31 BC, Antony's strengths confronted the Romans in a maritime activity off the bank of Actium. Cleopatra was available with her very own armada.
As indicated by Plutarch, Cleopatra took off with her boats at the stature of the fight, and Antony took after her.
Following the Battle of Actium, Octavian attacked Egypt. As he moved toward Alexandria, Antony's armed forces left to Octavian on August 1, 30 BC.
In the wake of losing the Battle of Actium, Antony submitted suicide.
Plutarch lets us know of the demise of Antony.
At the point when his armed forces forsook him and joined with Octavian, he shouted out that Cleopatra had double-crossed him. She, dreading his rage, secured herself her landmark with just her two handmaidens, and sent detachments to reveal to Antony that she was dead. Trusting them, Antony cut himself in the stomach with his sword, and lay on his love seat to bite the dust.
Rather, the blood stream ceased, and he asked all to complete him off.
A flag-bearer originated from Cleopatra with directions to convey him to her, and he (celebrating that Cleopatra was as yet alive) assented.
Cleopatra would not open the entryway, but rather hurled ropes out of a window. After Antony was safely trussed up, she and her handmaidens pulled him up into the landmark.
In the wake of dragging Antony in through the window, they laid him on a sofa. Cleopatra removed her garments and secured him with them. She raved and cried, beat her bosoms and occupied with self-mutilation. Antony advised her to quiet down, requested a glass of wine, and kicked the bucket after completing it.
An Ambiguous Death
Antiquated sources (especially the Roman ones) are when all is said in done assention that Cleopatra murdered herself by instigating an Egyptian cobra to nibble her.
The most established source is Strabo, who was alive at the season of the occasion, and may even have been in Alexandria. He says that there are two stories: that she connected a dangerous salve, or that she was chomped by an asp on her bosom.
A few Roman artists, composing inside ten years of the occasion, all specify nibbles by two asps, as does Florus, a history specialist, about 150 years after the fact. Velleius, sixty years after the occasion, likewise alludes to an asp.
Plutarch – expounding on 130 years after the occasion – reports that Octavian prevailing with regards to catching Cleopatra in her tomb after the demise of Antony. He requested his freedman Epaphroditus to protect her (to keep her from submitting suicide), since he supposedly needed to show her in his triumph.
In any case, Cleopatra could beguile Epaphroditus and slaughter herself, in any case.
Plutarch expresses that she was discovered dead, her handmaiden Iras kicking the bucket at her feet, and another handmaiden, Charmion, changing her crown before she herself fell. He at that point goes ahead to express that an asp was covered in a bushel of figs that was conveyed to her by a rural, and – discovering it subsequent to eating a couple of figs – she held out her arm for it to nibble.
Different stories express that it was covered up in a vase, and that she jabbed it with a shaft until the point that it got sufficiently furious to chomp her on the arm.
Suetonius, expounding on an indistinguishable time from Plutarch, likewise says Cleopatra kicked the bucket from an asp nibble.
Different creators have scrutinized these authentic records, nonetheless, expressing that it is conceivable that Augustus had her murdered.
In 2010, the German student of history Christoph Schaefer tested all different hypotheses, proclaiming that the ruler had really been harmed, and kicked the bucket from drinking a blend of toxic substances.
In the wake of concentrate verifiable messages and counseling with toxicologists, the history specialist inferred that the asp couldn't have caused a moderate and agony free passing, since asp (Egyptian cobra) venom deadens parts of the body, beginning with the eyes, before causing demise.
Schaefer and his toxicologist Dietrich Mebs chose Cleopatra utilized a blend of hemlock, wolfsbane and opium.
Cleopatra's internment put remains a puzzle.
The site of the sepulcher is indeterminate, however the Egyptian Antiquities Service trusts it is in or close to the sanctuary of Taposiris Magna, southwest of Alexandria.
A Fading Royal Line
Cleopatra's child by Caesar (Caesarion) was declared pharaoh by the Egyptians, after Alexandria tumbled to Octavian.
Caesarion was caught and executed – his destiny allegedly fixed when one of Octavian's counsels reworded Homer: "It is awful to have an excessive number of Caesars."
This finished not only the Hellenistic line of Egyptian pharaohs, but rather the line of every Egyptian pharaoh.
The three offspring of Cleopatra and Antony were saved and reclaimed to Rome where they were dealt with by Antony's better half, Octavia Minor. The little girl, Cleopatra Selene, was hitched through game plans of Octavian to Juba II of Mauretania.
It's the finish of the line for this one, as well.
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